Art-Based Research

Introduction

Art-Based Research (ABR) is a method that uses art as a tool for research and reflection. Instead of relying on traditional research techniques, ABR encourages a more intuitive and visual way of gathering insights. This approach is particularly useful for exploring personal themes and uncovering new perspectives that might be difficult to express in words.

What is Art-Based Research?

ABR is a research method that integrates artistic practice into the research process. It allows individuals to explore complex themes through creative expression. By engaging deeply with an artwork, researchers can uncover subconscious thoughts, emotions, and associations. The method is closely linked to Art-Based Learning (ABL), which emphasizes the importance of sustained observation and personal interpretation of art to generate meaningful insights.

How Does It Work?

ABR consists of several phases that unfold over multiple days. To enrich the experience it is advised to talk to someone (e.g. a peer) about your experience between each step:

1. Understanding & framing – The process begins with defining a personal research question based on a theme or experience. This step requires an open mindset and the ability to reflect on personal interests and emotions.
2. Explore a (modern) museum – Wander around in the museum until a piece of art attracts your attention as if it chooses you.
3. Observe an artwork – describe  this artwork thoroughly and objectively, without emotions, feelings etc. for 30 minutes.
4. Interacting with the artwork – now step into the world of this artwork for another 30 minutes and describe your subjective experiences. Which associations, emotions, thoughts, fantasies, feelings, ideas, memories etc. do you get?
5. Creating a visual response – Based on the insights gained, the researcher translates their findings into a visual creation. This can be a painting, digital artwork, or collage that embodies their personal research question.
6. Reflection & discussion – Finally, the work is presented and discussed, allowing for comparisons of interpretations and gaining new perspectives from others. This phase reinforces the personal discoveries made through the process.

Difficulty Level

While ABR is accessible to anyone, its complexity lies in the subjective nature of the research. It requires the ability to interpret and connect it to personal experiences. Some individuals may find it easier to engage with art intuitively, while others might struggle with the abstract thinking required.

Pros & Cons

A major advantage of ABR is that it allows researchers to explore their own perspectives and emotions, making the research process personal and meaningful. It provides insights -e.g. about one’s personal stance- that might not emerge through traditional methods. However, the subjective nature of ABR makes it harder to measure results objectively. Unlike structured methodologies, the findings are highly individual and not always universally applicable.

Results

The outcomes of this research can be diverse and personal. Many researchers will discover new connections between past experiences and artistic expression. Some will use colors and abstract shapes to represent emotions, while others incorporated elements of their personal history into their artwork. This process will help them articulate thoughts and emotions that might have been difficult to express otherwise.

The key takeaway is that ABR is not just about understanding an artwork but also about expressing one’s stance. It’s about understanding one’s personal research question (one’s emotions) in relation to the artwork.

Conclusion

ABR is a powerful tool for reflection, inspiration, and knowledge creation. It encourages individuals to slow down, observe, and engage with art in a meaningful way. While it may not be suitable for every research project, it is particularly valuable for exploring themes related to identity, emotion, and personal experience. For some, ABR provided a refreshing and open-ended approach to research. For others, its subjective nature made it more challenging. Regardless, this method demonstrated how art can be an effective medium for personal and academic exploration.